Abus software

On the product page, simply click on the tab "Downloads" and select the suitable software package from the list of downloads. The download will start automatically when clicking on the respective link. FAQ Security glossary. Suche umschalten Navigation umschalten Sprache umschalten. A case of invasive ductal carcinoma in coronal a and axial b planes.

The lesion presents as a hypoechoic, non-circumscribed spiculated mass white arrow. In the coronal plane, the spiculations due to the desmoplastic reaction are more obvious than in the axial plane, presenting as hyperechoic, straight lines radiating from the surface of the mass white dotted arrow.

The coronal plane allows the reconstruction of the ductal system of the entire breast, which facilitates the detection of ductal dilatation associated with intraductal papillary lesions [ 6 ], or even ductal carcinoma in situ, by detecting intraluminal echoes in dilated lactiferous ducts [ 18 ].

Wang et al. ABUS provides reproducible images for breast lesion location, size measurement, and characterization, which proved useful, especially in clinical situations requiring follow-up imaging.

Chang et al. Of the 33 lesions, only 31 were found at both readings. The readers assessed the clockface position, distance from the nipple, depth, size, and ultrasound characteristics. Scanning pressure variation may influence the depth, and it also may affect lesion characteristics. However, the authors, in a recently updated system adjusted the compression pressure in five steps with a maximum pressure of 25 lbs. The detection rate of breast cancer per women screened increased by 2. The recall rate per women screened in the retrospective reader study conducted by Wilczek et al.

DBT represents a new imaging technique able to overcome the limits of FFDM induced by the tissue superimposition effect and achieve better lesion conspicuity [ 22 ]. Girometti et al. A total of 71 women were included in the study with lesions 52 benign and malignant. The most reliable technique for breast cancer staging is MRI. Hellgren et al.

They included patients who underwent mammographic screening, and for whom a suspicious finding was reported and subsequently underwent HHUS and an additional ABUS exam. The methods evaluated each breast and each lesion separately by classifying them: breasts with mammography suspicion of malignancy and breasts with negative mammography.

A total of 26 cancers were detected in 25 of the women. An important aspect that would be relevant to mention is the fact that HHUS gives valuable information and allows better scanning of the peripheral region. Furthermore, the experience and the knowledge of the clinician increase the quality of the diagnosis. The rate of breast cancer detection using ABUS increases with the size of the lesion.

Berg et al. For breast masses between 3. Zhang et al. Schmachtenberg et al. The indications were high risk of developing breast cancer, B3 type lesions, and evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The results of the two methods were comparable in terms of detection rate Chae et al. Compared to HHUS, which is performed by physicians and involves 20 min per patient, the time the radiologist involves in ABUS is only related to the evaluation of the images because the technician makes the acquisition.

Several studies analyzed the time required by the physician for reporting an ABUS examination. Skaane et al. This study replicated a screening scenario that predominantly included normal examinations compared to a diagnostic population in the other studies, which would explain the time difference in interpretation. Due to this advantage, ABUS can be used as an alternative tool in screening women with dense breasts to improve the workflow.

Foglia et al. They found that the last scenario could lead to an economic saving equal to or greater than 54 million euros for the Italian National Healthcare Service. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study regarding the economic impact of ABUS utilization in screening. The limitations of the study are that data related to ultrasound recall rates, process mapping of treatment, and care pathway of women affected by cancer were retrieved from real-world data, and the lack of recent information related to the rate of annual invites to participate in screening programs.

CAD was tested in a standardized setup; each reader interpreted each case twice, once without the CAD system and once with it, separated by 4 weeks. Lesions might be missed on ABUS if they have a peripheral location.

This technical drawback reduces the diagnostic performance of the method compared to HHUS, especially in large breasts, and could represent a cause for the misdiagnosis of cancer. The radiographer should be aware of this aspect and scan the entire breast by obtaining supplemental acquisitions on the superior and inferior parts of the breasts [ 21 ].

The main limitation of ABUS is its inability to assess the axilla, the absence of information regarding the lymph node status, the vascularization, and the elasticity of a lesion [ 38 ]. There is, however, progress in this regard, Hendriks et al. ABUS does not use classic ultrasound gel because of the artifact inducing tiny gas bubbles it may contain. To avoid these artifacts, ABUS requires the use of a gel specially developed for this purpose, which has the consistency of a homogeneous lotion Figure 2.

Permeation nodule appearing as a hypoechoic intradermal lesion. A significant amount of common ultrasound gel was applied to visualize the lesion. The gel contains small air bubbles appearing as multiple hyperechoic dots with comet-tail artifacts.

If the lotion used is not evenly spread and is missing in a region, the air gets interposed between the transducer and the skin, the sound waves are reflected by the air between the transducer membrane and skin, inducing shadowing and making the visualization of the underlying glandular tissue impossible Figure 3 [ 41 ].

Coronal a and axial planes b in a case with multiple air interpositions between the skin and the transducer. The air appears as hypoechoic images with posterior shadowing. In the case that the transducer is not evenly and sufficiently compressed, the air becomes interposed at the edges of the acquired image, hampering the analysis of the glandular parenchyma in the periphery of the image. Insufficient compression may also cause artifacts induced by Cooper ligaments, an artifact also found in the case of insufficient compression at HHUS Figure 4.

In order to reduce this artifact, the radiographer should perform an adequate compression. The coronal plane a reveals a hypoechoic suspicious mass, also visible on the axial acquisition b.

Due to an inappropriate compression, the glandular tissue below the edge of the transducer cannot be appreciated white arrow. When the transducer quickly slides over a firm and superficial lesion cyst, fibroadenoma , it creates a linear artifact, which is observed in the coronal plane and sagittal plane.

It appears as a horizontal line located superior to the lesion [ 44 ] Figure 5. The case of a bulging cyst visible on both coronal a and axial planes b at 2. Due to the superficial location of the lesion, the transducer slides over its edge producing the skip artifact seen on the coronal plane white dotted arrow.

The retro areolar region is difficult to assess due to the shadowing artifact induced by the nipple that appears as hypoechoic columns extending in the anterior-posterior direction behind the nipple. This artifact can be caused by an imperfect adjustment of irregular nipple surface, and if an abnormality is suspected, the patient is recalled for rescanning or for an HHUS Figure 6 [ 44 ]. Hypoechoic columns white arrow— b behind the nipple yellow dot— a interfering with the evaluation of the breast tissue: nipple artifact.

Post-traumatic or post-therapeutic edema, or edema due to infectious or carcinomatous mastitis, causes the appearance of diffuse attenuation areas inside the glandular parenchyma Figure 7.

Diffuse attenuation areas inside the glandular parenchyma due to post-therapeutic edema, visible on the coronal a and axial planes b. This artifact is observed with transonic masses cysts or some solid masses as in HHUS. The white-wall sign presents as an echogenic wall in the coronal view and corresponds to the acoustic enhancement on HHUS.

It appears posterior to the lesion due to less attenuated ultrasounds within the lesion. It can help interpretation, but it is not specific to benign masses due to the fact that high-grade carcinomas can also present this artifact Figure 8 [ 45 , 46 ].

Hyperechoic oval images seen on the coronal plane white dotted arrows— a corresponding to the posterior enhancement observed on the axial plane behind the breast cysts white arrows— b. The pathologies that can represent causes of false-positive results are adenosis, intraductal papilloma, fibroadenoma, or mastitis [ 12 ].

ABUS images are sectional and static images. This technical peculiarity opens the possibility to obtain false-positive results in complicated cysts mimicking complex cystic lesions. In these situations, HHUS may obviate in real-time the fact that the intracystic appearance is produced only by floating echoes Figure 9. Complicated cyst mimicking a complex cystic lesion using ABUS. Using HHUS, the intracystic component was proved to be only abundant, floating echoes.

Small lesions, circumscribed edges as in medullary carcinoma, phyllodes tumors or invasive solid papillary carcinoma , or peripheral localization of the mass may be sources of false-negative results [ 12 ].

In addition, physicians should have information related to the history of patients and clinical data or even previous examinations for comparison. Figure 10 illustrates benign lesions detected using ABUS.

Fibroadenoma appearing as a hypoechoic, circumscribed mass, with the long axis parallel to the skin a. Intramammary lymph node seen as a circumscribed mass, with a hyperechoic center representing the hilum and a thin cortex in the periphery b.

Multiple angiolipomas observed on the coronal plane inside the white circles c , and also on axial acquisition as a hyperechoic, homogeneous, circumscribed mass d. ABUS is a new imaging technique with its advantages and disadvantages.

Many disadvantages can be diminished by additional attention and training, both for image acquisition and interpretation. ABUS is a method promising to improve and ease breast cancer screening. Conceptualization, I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.

Journal List J Pers Med v. J Pers Med. For trouble-free and safe operation, this device must be installed and regularly maintained by a specialist trained by us.

Arrange regular maintenance appointments with your installer to ensure trouble-free operation over the long term with the latest safety updates and new functions. Includes a clear new look and advanced professional functions. Requires Windows 7 or higher. Highly flexible monitoring, from S to XL A wide variety of options, from remote access to one recorder through to management of devices and cameras in one system.

The straightforward user interface allows you to integrate video data from different recorders into one overall monitoring system. High performance, simple to use, clear overviews The new interface design is intuitive and provides a vast overview, in part by displaying the camera archive as a time bar. Time is saved as snapshots can be taken directly from the live cast.